Reducing pain at the time of vaccination: WHO position paper

WHO position paper synthesizing Cochrane and CMA evidence into operational recommendations: (1) injection technique - no aspiration, rapid; (2) position - child upright/parent's lap, not supine; (3) breastfeeding or sucrose for infants; (4) topical anaesthetic (lidocaine/prilocaine) if available; (5) parent-led distraction; (6) avoid deception ("it won't hurt"). Endorsed by WHO/UNICEF for global immunization programmes.