Intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment programs for children and adolescents with chronic noncancer pain

Systematic review of intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment programs (IIPT) in pediatric chronic pain refractory to outpatient care. Programs combining PT, OT, CBT, family work over 3-4 weeks show large effects on function (school attendance, physical activity) and moderate effects on pain intensity, with maintenance at 6-12 months. Most evidence German (Zernikow) and US (Cleveland Clinic, Boston). Few LMIC programs exist.