What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring

Decade-on follow-up of the original Stattin & Kerr 2000 critique. Five-wave longitudinal Swedish cohort. Adolescent disclosure (not parental solicitation, not control) is the strongest unique predictor of parents' knowledge and of adolescent adjustment, including substance use. Parent solicitation (asking questions) showed near-zero unique effect and could even backfire if perceived as intrusive. Solidifies the modern view that "monitoring effects" are mostly proxy for relationship quality.