The treatment of conduct problems in children with callous-unemotional traits

Pioneering analysis showing that children with conduct problems + high CU traits derive less benefit from punishment-based discipline (time out) components of parent training, while still benefitting from reward-based components. Practical clinical implication: in CU-positive cases, emphasize warmth/rewards over consequences; this informed Dadds' later "EmpaTraining" and emotion-focused adaptations.